Botanically, cashew is an average size evergreen tree belonging to the Anacardiaceae family of the genus: Anacardium.
Scientific name:Anacardium occidentale.
The cashew tree is native to Brazil’s Amazon rain forest, which spread all over the world by Portuguese explorers. Today, it is grown commercially in Brazil, Vietnam, and India and in many African countries.
Cashew tree bears numerous, edible, pear shaped false fruits or “accessory fruits” called "cashew apples." A small bean shaped, grey color “true fruit” is firmly adhering to lower end of these apples appearing like a clapper in the bell. This true fruit is actually a drupe, featuring hard outer shell enclosing a single edible seed or the “cashew nut.” The outer shell contains a phenolic resin, urushiol, which is a potent caustic skin irritant toxin. It is, therefore, the outer shell is roasted in the processing unit in order to destroy the resin, urushiol and then, the edible nut is extracted.
Cashew nut measures about a inch in length and 1/2 inches in diameter with kidney or bean shape, and smooth curvy pointed tip. Each nut has two equal halves as in legumes. The nuts are cream white color with firm yet delicate texture and smooth surface. Cashews have buttery texture with pleasant sweet fruity aroma.
Health benefits
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Cashews are high in calories. 100 g of nuts
provide 553 calories. They are packed with
soluble dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and numerous
health-promoting phyto-chemicals that help protect from diseases and
cancers.
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They are rich in “heart-friendly”
monounsaturated fatty
acids like oleic
and palmitoleic acids
that help to lower or bad LDL
cholesterol and increase good HDL cholesterol. Research
studies
suggest that Mediterranean diet, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty
acids helps to prevent coronary artery disease and strokes by favoring
healthy blood lipid profile.
-
Cashew
nuts are very rich
source of minerals.
Minerals especially manganese, potassium, copper, iron, magnesium,
zinc and selenium are concentrated in the nuts. A handful of cashew
nuts a day in the diet would provide enough of these minerals and
prevent deficiency diseases. Selenium
is an important micronutrient, which
functions as co-factor for antioxidant enzymes such as Glutathione
peroxidases, one of the most powerful antioxidant in the body.
Copper
is a cofactor for many vital enzymes, including cytochrome
c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase (other minerals function as
co-factors for this enzyme are manganese and zinc). Zinc
is a co-factor in many enzymes that regulate growth and
development, sperm generation, digestion and nucleic acid synthesis.
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